These differences are reflected in the current functioning of democracy in india, making it difficult to fit the indian case to the canonical. While some scholars argue that an electoral system with proportional representation combined with a decentralized system works best, and that the type of electoral system is crucial lijphart 1999, others state that a proportional electoral system with a centralized and hence not decentralized system lead to better performance gerring et al. From this perspective, i reassess the relevance of arend lijpharts prescriptions about democratizing states to constitutional engineers, by investigating his claims within the postcommunist context. Nov 17, 2008 in patterns of democracy, arend lijphart 1999 not only contends that democratic institutions cluster in two distinct forms, but also that consensus democracieswhen contrasted with majoritarian arrangementsare kinder, gentler types of institutional settings lijphart 1999. Consociational democracy is based on proportional representation and as a type of democracy it is contrasted with centripetal democracy, which is based upon majority rule. Arend lijpharts patterns of democracy has become a standardized text within the comparative politics subfield, but i think the question needs to be asked given all the divergence in regime type that sprouted with the downfall of the soviet union, is the pure westminster system still a viable starting point for analyzing the points of democratic governance. Patterns of democracy government forms and performance in. Arend lijphart on sharing power in africa and the future of democracy interview.
In this discussion paper a number of theoretical, conceptual and methodological problems in applying lijpharts patterns of democracy to regional political systems will be addressed. Arend lijphart s patterns of democracy has become a standardized text within the comparative politics subfield, but i think the question needs to be asked given all the divergence in regime type that sprouted with the downfall of the soviet union, is the pure westminster system still a viable starting point for analyzing the points of democratic governance. Table of contents preface 1 introduction 1 2 the westminster model of democracy 9 3 the consensus model of democracy 31 4 thirtysix democracies 48 5 party systems. The former refers to the model of democracy stressing majority rule, while the. The first edition of lijpharts patterns of democracy yale university press, 1999 has been praised as a seminal contribution to the comparative study of democracies.
The bestresearched book on democracy in the world today. Arend lijphart is likely among the most quoted contemporary political. Government forms and performance in thirtysix countries by lijphart, arend isbn. Starting from a comparison of two schools of research on nonmajoritarian democracieslijpharts approach and lehmbruchs contributions to the study consociational democracy, the commentary reports the changes in the second edition of patterns of democracy such as updated data sources and a more comprehensive and rigorous analysis of. He received his phd in political science at yale university in 1963, after studying at principia college from 1955 to 1958. Theoretical, conceptual and methodological problems in.
Presents a study which investigated the claims of arend lijphart that switzerland is a case of consociational democracy. Lijphart, patterns of democracy by roxana marin on prezi. Patterns of democracy government forms and performance. Patterns of democracy government forms and performance in thirtysix countries second edition arend lijphart yale university. Arend lijpharts typology of democratic systems has been one of the major contributions to comparative political. For those readers who are familiar with democracies, let me describe the principal changes in patterns of democracy in somewhat greater detail. While it may be difficult to achieve and maintain stable democratic governments in countries with deep religious, ideological, linguistic, cultural, or ethnic cleavages, lijphart argues that it is not at all impossible. Government forms and performance in thirtysix countries 2nd revised edition by lijphart, arend isbn. Government forms and performance in thirtysix countries by lijphart, arend and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Patterns of democracy by arend lijphart, 9780300078930, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. From this perspective, i reassess the relevance of arend lijpharts prescriptions about democratizing states to constitutional engineers, by investigating his claims within the.
Arend lijphart is professor emeritus of political science at the university of california, san diego, and the author or editor of more than twenty books, including democracy in plural societies, published by yale university press. Arend lijpharts patterns of democracy has become a standardized text within the comparative politics subfield, but i think the question needs to be asked given all the divergence in regime type that sprouted with the downfall of the soviet union, is the pure westminster system. Arend dangremond lijphart born 17 august 1936, apeldoorn, netherlands is a political scientist specializing in comparative politics, elections and voting systems, democratic institutions, and ethnicity and politics. Government forms and performance in thirtysix countries, 2012, 368 pages, arend lijphart, 0300172028, 9780300172027, yale university. Patterns of democracy government forms and performance in thirtysix countries arend lijphart yale university press new haven and london. In patterns of democracy, lijphart 1999 contends that democracies cluster in two distinct forms. What is more, he argues that in contrast to majoritarian arrangements, consensus democracies are kinder, gentler forms of institutional settings.
Patterns of dominance and balance of power 116 8 electoral systems. Sep 01, 2012 arend lijphart s patterns of democracy has become a standardized text within the comparative politics subfield, but i think the question needs to be asked given all the divergence in regime type that sprouted with the downfall of the soviet union, is the pure westminster system still a viable starting point for analyzing the points of. Arend lijphart in this updated and expanded edition of his classic text, arend lijphart offers a broader and deeper analysis of worldwide democratic institutions than ever before. London wikipedia citation please see wikipedias template documentation for further citation fields that may be required. By expanding lijpharts concept of majoritarian and consensus democracy for the most recent period 19972006, this paper examines the relationship between direct democracy and lijpharts institutional variables in 23 modern democracies. Arend lijphart s patterns of democracy has become a standardized text within the comparative politics subfield, but i think the question needs to be asked given all the divergence in regime type that sprouted with the downfall of the soviet union, is the pure westminster system still a viable starting point for analyzing the points of. As a result, while patterns of democracy grew out of democracies, it has become an entirely new book rather than a second edition.
Examining thirtysix democracies during the period from 1945 to 2010, lijphart arrives at importantand unexpectedconclusions about what type of democracy works best. Of course, democracy may be ideologically more hospitable to a. Democratic theory states that poverty, widespread illiteracy, and a deeply hierarchized social structure are inhospitable conditions for a democracy to function in. Sure its a democracybut how is it still a democracy. I cant think of another scholar as well qualified as lijphart to write a book of this kind. Logical connections and institutional design article pdf available in political studies 511. Arend lijphart is the author of patterns of democracy 3. Archived from the original pdf on 30 december 2008. Arend lijpharts 1999 effort in patterns of democracy may be overstretching, both empirically and theoretically. Patterns of democracy covers thirtysix countriesfifteen. Here, once again, arend lijphart is directing our attention to matters which will surely engage much of the attention of students of comparative politics in the next. View notes lijphart from poli 212 at mcgill university. The present article reveals that lijpharts two dimensional map of democracy, although applicable. Himalayan journal of development and democracy, vol.
A first question is whether autonomous regions can be considered as fully fledged democratic political systems similar to the state democracies lijphart considers. That it is difficult to achieve and maintain stable democratic government in a plural society is a wellestablished proposition in political sciencewith a history reaching back to aristotles adage that a state aims at being, as far as it can be, a society composed of equals and peers. The revised edition, published in 2012, advances even stronger arguments with better data and a better methodology in support of lijpharts key message. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.
The second type of democracy, consensus democracy, involves far greater compromise and significant minority rights. The reaction to lijpharts book, patterns of democracy 1999. Concentration versus sharing of executive power 90 7 executivelegislative relations. Arend lijpharts patterns of democracy has become a standardized text within the comparative politics subfield, but i think the question needs to be asked given all the divergence in regime type that sprouted with the downfall of the soviet union, is the pure westminster system still a viable starting point for analyzing the points of. Lijphart argues that consensus democracy is better see below.
Through the analysis of political systems in six continents, he demonstrates that what he calls consociational democracy can be successful in severely divided or plural societies. Later, lijphart extends the notion of consociational democracy to the patterns of democratic institutions, in general. Based on a factor analysis, our main finding is that there are not just two, but three dimensions of. Lijphart democratic political systems types cases causes. Consensus democracy makes a difference 275 17 conclusions and recommendations 301 appendix a. The article pays tribute to professor arend lijphart, pioneer in the studies of democracy. Note that all empirical results in this article are based on average values for the period from 1945 to 1996. In this updated and expanded edition of his classic text, arend lijphart offers a. In patterns of democracy, arend lijphart 1999 not only contends that democratic institutions cluster in two distinct forms, but also that consensus democracieswhen contrasted with. Lijphart starts by differentiating between majoritarian and consensus democracy by asking the question who governs and in whose interest in cases of disagreement. If the majority are poor, and the democratic processes work, the property rights of the rich minority may always be under a threat. The economist intelligence units democracy index provides a snapshot of the state of democracy worldwide for 165 independent states and two territories microstates are excluded. Westminster and consensus democracies differ along two dimensions, each of which has five elements.
In patterns of democracy, arend lijphart 1999 not only contends that democratic institutions cluster in two distinct forms, but also that consensus democracieswhen contrasted with majoritarian arrangementsare kinder, gentler types of institutional settings lijphart 1999. Examining thirtysix democracies during the period from 1945 to 2010, lijphart arrives at importantand unexpectedconclusions about what type of democracy works. Of course, democracy may be ideologically more hospitable to a rule of law, but it is the. In democracies and patterns of democracy, he distinguishes between majoritarian and consensus democracies.
340 578 682 760 141 1624 953 566 1105 633 493 1376 1622 742 450 998 545 1167 1143 485 1042 1342 1436 1167 1323 1073 1554 1386 1541 138 2 140 1511 301 1261 1177 281 1240 605 628